In a review article published online Aug. Until recently, little was known about the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Exposure to new sights, sounds and other sensory experiences appears to be critical for strengthening infants’ developing brains and encouraging smoothly running neural networks. Researchers have long known that babies of all kinds need to be exposed to rich, complex environments for optimal brain health and potential. “The strength, duration and timing of environmental experience influences plasticity in brain circuitry, which is made up of communication cables called axons that link neurons throughout the brain and are coated by myelin, a fatty substance that helps nerve impulses speed from place to place,” says Vittorio Gallo, Ph.D., Chief Research Officer at Children’s National and senior study author.
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